LAND POLICY IN RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN VIETNAM PERIOD 2011-2020, ORIENTATION TO 2030

LAND POLICY IN RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN VIETNAM PERIOD 2011-2020, ORIENTATION TO 2030

Nguyen Dinh Bong1

[1] Vietnam Society of Soil Science

SUMMARY

1) Communist Party of Vietnam, 2011, Platform for national construction in the transition to socialism (additional development 2011), defining: “Economic development is the central task; carry out industrialization and modernization of the land”; Current legal policy stipulates: “Actively respond to climate change, strengthen resource management and protect the environment”.

2) According to the results of land inventory 2019: Vietnam has a total natural area: 33,131,713 ha, including: agricultural land group 27,986,390 ha (84.45%); non-agricultural land group: 3,914,508 ha (11.82 %); unused land group: 1,230,815 ha (3.73%). The State has allocated to users 26,842,798 ha (81.04%); management is 6,280,799 ha (18.96%).

Land management has contributed to socio-economic development: Agriculture in the period (1986-2016) Vietnam has always maintained an increase of 3.5%/year, reaching 3.76% in 2018. Agricultural exports in 2000 reached 4.2 billion USD; 2020 reached 41.3 billion USD; Forestry: prevent forest degradation; increase the coverage from 39.5% in 2010 to 42.01% in 2020. Industry: by December 2020, 575 industrial zones have been planned with an area of ​​219.5 thousand ha; Industrial parks and economic zones have attracted 10,148 domestic projects and 10,921 foreign-invested projects, with a total registered investment capital of about 2.52 million billion VND and 230.2 billion USD respectively.

3) Challenges for Vietnam’s land management in the period (2021-2030): a) Limited land fund, exploited for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes 96.37%; only 3.73% of unused land remains. b) Land quality: The whole country has 11,838.0 thousand hectares of degraded land, accounting for 35.74% of the country’s natural area. c) Small-scale, scattered agricultural production (average index of agricultural production land: 0.6766 ha/rural household), little investment, manual labor. Productivity, quality, low output; low land use efficiency. d) Being influenced by many objective factors: i) the impact of globalization; ii) impact of industrial revolution 4.0; iii) impacts of urbanization, iv) impacts of global climate change.

4) Vietnam socio-economic development strategy for the period (2021-2030): “comprehensively and synchronously promoting the renovation, industrialization and modernization; firmly build and defend the Fatherland, maintain a peaceful and stable environment; striving by the middle of the twenty-first century, our country becomes a developed country, following the socialist orientation”.

Land policy: “Improving the legal system and policies on land, improving the quality of land use planning and planning, modernizing the cadastral field, and providing public services on land. Ensure consistency, synchronization, sustainability, efficiency and savings in land use. Healthy development of the land use right market”. The Land Law (amended) is being finalized to institutionalize land policy.

National land use planning period 2021-2030, vision to 2045 and 5-year land use plan (2021 – 2025): by 2030 Vietnam will put into use 31,663,144 ha (98.48 % total natural area) including agricultural land 27,732. 040 ha (83, 70%); non-agricultural land 3,931,110 ha (14.78%), unused land: 1,634,130 (1.52%). Paddy land of 3.5 million ha, with 42,000,000 tons/year, ensures national food security, contributing to global food security; Forest land of 15,404,660 ha ensures forest coverage of 46.49%, meeting the requirements of protecting school grounds and biodiversity. Non-agricultural land with an area of ​​4,896,480 ha (accounting for 14.78%), meeting the demand for land use to realize 10-year socio-economic development goals (2021 – 2030).

Keywords: land policy, management of natural resources and environment, Vietnam 2011-2020-2030.

 

Reviewer: Ass.Prof.Dr. Vu Nang Dzung
Email: vunangdung15@gmail.com

Received: 11/01/2024

Review completed: 15/9/2024

Accepted: 25/10/2024